Risk Analysis

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 abstract

Now a days the energy saving concept is getting popularized among the customer and manufacturers both ,as everybody wants to have the reduction in their electricity bills . So this report basically describes how the energy saving concept be beneficial to both the manufacturers as well as customers & it

is very important to bring some changes in the terms of

energy saving concept, so that the growth maintains the same momentum as it has at present. And large CFL usage can play an important role in that.

The project report describes that how Havell’s can increase the sales of its CFL to dealers and retailers and then ultimately to consumers in south Delhi.

The company has appointed many authorized dealers all over the south Delhi to whom the selling is done. The company also does the selling by direct interaction with the dealers and retailers of Havell’s India Ltd. The company provides its catalogues containing the details of the product to them, & then the product is presented to them, if the product is approved then the order is taken after negotiating the prices.

The second thing is the market research. It includes visiting the retailers and dealers of electric product (who sells CFL) collecting information from them about the company Havell’s and their competitors, with the help of questionnaire and personal interview. The data collected will contain the details of the sources of purchase of CFL, advantages and disadvantages of the competitor over Havell’s and will also include the details of the sales of different types of CFL.

This report will help the company to know the strategies followed by the competitor in the market. It will also help the company to analyze as where they are weak in strategies. Ultimately it will frame marketing strategies for the company that will help the company to push their product to the dealers and retailers of electric products.

1.2 Statement of the problem

As it very much evident that the market of the product CFL is increasing day by day as they play an important role in saving the energy to a large extent. And every Organization dealing in this product wants to get a better hold in the market in comparison to others. So this report primarily wants to make an attempt to study the factors that would make Havell’s the top seller of CFL in south Delhi. This report will also try to design and suggest strategies to overcome the various barriers that have an impact on the sales of their product CFL.

1.3 Objectives

The objective of the study is as follows:-

v To compare the company’s product CFL with that of other companies in terms of features like looks quality& the product range.

v To know about the customer’s preference of brands.

v To know about the awareness about the havell’s product CFL.

v To identify the factors that the retailers & the dealers look for while purchasing CFL.

v To find out the total sales of the product CFL &the sales of retrofit &non retrofit CFLs.

v To evaluate strategies to make Havell’s product CFL, market leader in South Delhi market.

v To compare the product CFL with the GLS & FTL.

1.4 Scope of the study

This report will primarily try to develop strategies for Havell’s product CFL, so that the company can increase its sales and become market leader in CFL segment in South Delhi market. Since the main source behind making a company market leader are dealers and retailers of CFL. Hence this report will primarily focus on them. This report will try to identify the factors that dealers and retailers want from the company. The report will cover nearly all the dealers and retailers of South Delhi. Finally based on their responses, strengths of competitors like Philips, Osram, Orpat etc. will be analyzed and finally a strategy will be formulated which will help the company in becoming the market leader in CFL segment.

The study limits to the varieties of CFL in different shapes and sizes currently available in the market and also some new concepts that can be introduced.

The study will also try to find out the sources of supply of CFL. By analyzing the sources of the supply of CFL it will try to find out as whether Havell’s should increase its distribution network or should go for new methods of distribution.

This study will also try to find out the preference of brands. It will help to identify as who is the market leader in CFL segment and also where Havell’s stands in the market.

1.5Need of the study

This project report is basically prepared to overcome the problem of energy wastage.

South Delhi comprises of a major part of Delhi . It has many shops , offices , many corporate houses , many industries & shopping malls. Though it is very fast developing but has one major problem that is of power. & every one is annoyed of paying big bills. There are frequent power cuts in south Delhi . As demand of electricity in these cities are more and supply is less. So there is the need of the time to meet the demands of the people and the industries. As both industries and people in this cities require light to work. So a device is required which can provide sufficient light by consuming less power. The only product that has the potential of meeting the above stated requirement is CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp).

CFL was introduced 30 years back but still it has not captured the minds of many people. Since many people are unaware of it and still prefer to you the light products like bulbs and tube lights. So this study is done to find out how the sales of CFL can be increased.

CFL is an energy saving device and also a perfect match of the people of the current generation. There are many companies that are manufacturing and selling CFL. Havell’s India Ltd is also one such company who does this too. The only difference between Havell’s and other company is that the former is the only company to utilize all the available resources of India and make a world class CFL that is for the people of this country. The competitors of Havell’s mainly imports the CFL from countries like China etc at cheaper rate and sells CFL under their brand name. Havell’s has been growing at the healthy rate. The secret of this ever-increasing graph of success is the trust that the company enjoys from its customers. Thus because of this confidence and high growth rate it has the potential of becoming a market leader in electric field.

This study is therefore done as to find out as how Havell’s can increase its sales and become a market leader in CFL segment in the fast growing south Delhi. This study will try to find out the main competitors of Havell’s, their sales and also as what are their strengths over Havell’s and vice versa. For doing this dealers and retailers of CFL are chosen.

Dealers and retailers are the main intermediaries between companies and its ultimate consumers. The study is therefore done to find out as from where dealers and retailers purchase their CFL. This report will also try to identify the factors which dealers and retailers look for and want while purchasing CFL. They are the main source behind the sales of CFL of different brands to customers. They have a great impact on the sales of CFL to customers. It is through them only sales can be increased. Thus by analyzing their wants and needs only and also by satisfying the wants and needs of them, Havell’s can increase it sales of CFL and become a market leader in this segment.

CHAPTER 2

ORGANISATION

PROFILE

2.1 QRG Group

QRG Group is one of the fastest growing Electrical and Power Distribution Equipment Company in the country, manufacturing products ranging from building circuit protection, industrial & domestic switch-gear, cables & wires, energy meters, fans, CFLs, luminaries, bath fittings and modular switches. The group comprises of 4 companies – Havell’s India Ltd. (the flagship company), Standard Electricals, Crabtree India Ltd., and TTL. With 13 state of the art manufacturing plants, 24 branch offices and a strong backing of over 3000 professionals across India the group has achieved rapid success in the past few years.

The group has recorded a turnover of Rs. 963 crores in the previous financial year and is poised for another quantum growth with projections suggesting a 50% increase over previous year. While the industry has been growing at a pace of 20% CAGR, QRG Enterprises has been marching faster at a compounded annual growth rate of 35% in the past decade.

The four companies of QRG GROUP are mentioned below along with their locations.

Havell’s India Ltd.

Locations

• Haridwar, Uttaranchal
  Products manufactured: Fans and CFLs
• Baddi, Himanchal Pradesh
  Products manufactured: MCBs, CFLs and Switches
• Samepur Badli, Delhi
  Products manufactured: MCBs, ELCBs and DBs
• Tilak Nagar, Delhi
  Products manufactured: Energy Meters
• NOIDA, UP
  Product manufactured: Fans
• Alwar, Rajasthan
  Products manufactured: Cables & Wires
• Faridabad, Haryana
  Products manufactured : CFLs and Industrial Products.
• Gurgaon, Haryana
  Luminaires and Lighting fixtures

Brands – Havell’s

Standard Electricals Ltd.

• Locations
• Jalandhar
  Products manufactured: MCBs, ELCBs, DBs, Wires and Industrial Switchgear

Brands – Standard

Crabtree India Ltd.

Locations

• Gurgaon, Haryana
  Products manufactured: Modular Plate Switches & Accessories
• Bhiwadi, Rajasthan
  Products manufactured: Bathroom fittings & Accessories

Brands – Crabtree

TTL Ltd.

Locations

• Sahibabad, UP
  Products manufactured: Trivector Meters, Reference Standard Meters
• Hyderabad, AP
  Products manufactured: Energy Meters – 1ø Ferraris, 3ø Ferraris, 1ø Electronic, 3ø Electronic

Brands – TTL, DZG, Duke Arnics

2.2 Havell’s India limited.

Havell’s India Ltd. (a Rs. 1000 Crore group) is one of the largest Electrical and Power Distribution Equipment Company in the country, manufacturing products ranging from industrial and domestic switchgear, flexible cables and power cables, energy meters, fans, luminaries, bath fittings and modular switches.

Havell's has emerged as an independent medium sized company with uncompromising ethical standards and a definite global perspective. It has defined conventions and has evolved its very own remarkable structure, one that puts decision-maker in close contact with customers and quickly adapts to the rapid changes in technology.

It began as a trading concern in 1958 and today is a major manufacturer and supplier of the widest range of low voltage electrical equipment catering to the needs of domestic and industrial market.Today the group has emerged as the preferred choice of a discerning range of individual and industrial customers.

The Group is present in more than 52 countries across the globe with 6 International offices and marketing and distribution networks in all major countries. Our international business team provides specialized sales, marketing and technical support and services to meet the escalating requirements of modern day customers.

The Group has a human resource of over 4000 professional with qualified engineers and professionals at all levels.

Havell's is now perceived as a single source for all low voltage electrical requirements. Most of its products have both national and international certifications from independent testing authorities, and it is a matter of pride that the company is widely perceived as a quality manufacturer with a reputed brand image. Hence its customers place an unconditional trust in it.

The various products in which havell’s deals are as follows:

· MCB

Range : 6A to 40A in in ‘B’ curve

· MINI CHANGEOVER

Range : 25A,40A

· RCCB

Range : 16A to 125A

· RCBO

Range : I6A,20A,25A,32A,40A,50A

· DISTRIBUTION BOARD

· HRFR WIRE

Wires and cables upto 33kv

· MODULAR SWITCH

· FAN

Table, wall & pedestrial fans

· CFL

Retrofit & non - retrofit

2.3 milestones

A look at the milestones in over three decades of QRG journey to excellence maps its emergence as a major industrial force in the country and abroad.

1958:

· Commenced trading operations in Delhi.

1976:

· Set up the first factory for Rewireable Switches and Changeover Switches at Kirti Nagar, Delhi.

1979:

· Set up a factory for HBC Fuses at Badli, Delhi.

1980:

· Started manufacturing high quality Energy Meters at Tilak Nagar, Delhi.

1983:

· Took over Towers and Transformers Ltd. And turned it around in one year to profitably manufacture Energy Meters in the Company.

1987:

· Started manufacturing MCBs at Badli, Delhi in Joint Venture with Geyer, Germany.

1990:

· Set up a manufacturing unit at Sahibabad in UP for Changeover Switches.

1993:

· Set up another factory at Faridabad, Haryana for Control gear Products.

1996:

· Took over a manufacturing unit at Alwar, Rajasthan for Power Cables & Wires.

· Entered a Joint Venture with Electrium, UK for manufacturing Dorman Smith MCCBs and Crabtree Modular Plate Switches.

1997:

· Took over Electric Control & Switchboards at NOIDA for manufacturing customized packaged solutions.

1998:

· Introduced high-end Ferraris Meters in Joint Venture with DZG, Germany.

2000:

· Acquired controlling stake in Duke Arnics Electronics (P) Limited engaged in manufacturing of Electronic Meters-Single Phase, Three Phase, Multi Function, Tri Vectors.

· Acquired controlling interest in an industry major-Standard Electricals Ltd.

2001:

· Acquired business of Havell's Industries Ltd, MCCB of Crabtree India Limited and Merged ECS Limited in the company to consolidate in its area of core competence.

2002:

· Standard Electrical Company becomes a 100% Subsidiary of the company.

2003:

· The company is posed for ISO: 14001 accreditation after successfully obtaining ISO 9001:2000 certification.

2004:

· Set up factory at Baddi (H.P.) for manufacturing of Domestic Switchgear.

· Set up a plant for manufacturing of CFL at existing Faridabad Works

· Set up a plant for manufacturing of Ceiling Fans at Noida

· Set-up its own marketing office in London through its wholly owned subsidiary Company Havell’s U.K. Ltd.

· In December, 2004 placed 235 fully convertible debentures of Rs. 10 Las on M/s. Shine Ltd., Mauritius and the debenture will be converted in June, 2006

2005:

· Set up factory at Haridwar (Uttaranchal) for manufacturing of Fans. Awarded the KEMA certification by The Dutch Council for Accreditation, making QRG the only group in India, which has this certificate.

· Set up of R&D Centre in Noida H.O.

· Acquired a Greek Company: First International Acquisition

· Crabtree India merged with Havell’s India.

2.4 Work culture

QRG is continuously applying modern management techniques such as Kaizen to enable employees to improve their day to day functioning in small steps, one at a time.

QRG has also implemented Japanese version of 5S which stands for "a place for everything and everything in its place". The company has introduced these techniques as it firmly believes that small changes add up to large results and the only way for a corporation to grow, is to make its people grow.

Qualified and experienced professionals backed by a work force of over 4000 employees drive the Group. All branches and manufacturing facilities are computerized and networked with each other. An open door policy at all levels encourages employees to be participated, innovative and creative. Empowering employees helps the organization in harnessing individual talents to the fullest. Emphasis is laid on building team spirit, which helps employees to realize collective potential.

2.5 International business

QRG’s International Business Division ‘IBD’ is a dynamic team of professionals who are committed to fulfill the aspirations of the organization in the international markets. This team provides specialized sales, marketing and technical support along with services to meet the challenging requirements of the modern day customer.

IBD caters it’s international clientele spread over 51 countries with offices in London, Dubai, Dhaka, China, Nigeria, Sri Lanka and distribution networks in all major countries. Despite the intense competition in the global electrical industry, Havell’s recorded a three times growth of 8 million USD in the previous year and targets to cross 22million USD in the current year.

CHAPTER 3

PRODUCT

PROFILE

3.1 Basic lighting lamps

Basically the various types of lighting lamps introduced till the current period are incandescent lamps & discharge lamps.

Incandescent lamps

The technology of incandescent lamps was introduced in the year 1879, by the great scientist Mr Thomas Edison since it was introduced way back in 1879, people are more inclined towards them ,as very less people are aware of other types of lighting lamps. These Lamps work on the principle of heat. When the electricity is passed through inside the glass hollow, the tungsten filament gets heated and starts emitting light. But 80% of the energy is wasted in generating heat and only 20% is used for giving light. In the era of highly priced Electricity Power, these are now known as Power Hungry Lamps. Due to their lower price, they are frequently used all over. These include GLS lamps (bulbs), halogen lamps etc.

Discharge lamps

Discharge lamps basically Includes CFL & FTL(fluorescent tubular lamps). FTL technology is 50 years old & the other i.e. CFL was initially introduced 30 years back. The discharge lamp operates on discharge technology to give high luminous efficacy and long life. Here electrical discharges between the electrodes cause the filler materials and gases in the pre coated tube to emit light. A suitable control gear is invariably used to limit the current and to ensure the light up of the lamp. It comprises of low pressure and high-pressure type, based on various applications.

3.2 Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL)

A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), also known as a compact fluorescent light bulb or an energy saving light bulb, is a type of fluorescent lamp that screws into a regular bulb socket or plugs into a small lighting fixture.

The increasing popularity of energy-efficient lighting has led to a virtual explosion of new lamps and ballast’s. Compact fluorescent (CF) lamps are lamps of choice for those looking for an energy-efficient alternative to incandescent lamps: they are praised for consuming as little as one-fifth of the power and lasting up to 13 times longer than incandescent lamps. From a designer's viewpoint, the increasing variety in shape and color and the small size of CF lamps have made them more versatile and acceptable than traditional long-tube fluorescent lamps.

The energy-saving potential of compact fluorescent technology is undeniable. The high initial cost of purchasing ballast and lamps can often be recouped in a short time, and utilities often provide cash rebates to reduce the payback period to one year. The long life of CF lamps means that maintenance costs can be much lower than for incandescent lighting. Moreover, it is said that a single CF lamp can save enough electricity (coal-fired) to keep a ton of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.

The use of CF lamps appears destined

to continue growing for some time.

what most designers should fully consider

is that CF lamps are much more complex than the incandescent lamps they are often meant to replace . CF lamps can have different warmth’s and colours ,some are dimmable, some are en closed, and some have ballast’s that are attached to the lamp that must be discarded when the lamp fails .ballast’s themselves can be “standard” electromagnetic, “energy efficient”

electromagnetic, or electronic , and may have power factor correction ,radio interference suppression ,or other features unheard of in the world of incandescent lighting.

This variety has made the design of successful compact fluorescent lighting systems more complicated. Moreover, the performance aspects of CF lamps and ballast’s have not been standardized. For example, the actual light output and power consumption of a "13W" CF lamp can vary from brand to brand, and can change with different ballast’s and mounting positions. Knowing some of the technical details about how CF lamps and ballast’s work and perform can help you make better decisions about how, where, and when to apply them.

Figure: An ever-widening variety of compact fluorescent lamps and ballast’s available on the lighting market. Lamps can be of varying shapes, sizes, wattage, lumen output & colors. This may be enclosed or open. Ballast can be either electronic or magnetic, and can be screw-in adaptors attached directly to a lamp or remote wall-plugs-ins. Performance of compact fluorescent systems depends directly on the choice of the individual component selected.

3.3 Types of CFL

CFLs are state-of-the-art energy saver lamps that can be categorized depending upon the versions in which they are available:

1. Non- Retrofit/Core:

In this type of CFL, the ballast and the tube are not connected and they are attached externally through wires and require special types of holder.

2. Retrofit/electronic:

Also called self ballasted as ballast is integrated with the tube and it can fit into any holder used for the normal incandescent bulbs.

CFLs can further be categorized depending upon the color of light that they emit

1. Warm White:

It has the color temperature of 2700˚K. The light being emitted is close to that of GLS lamp.

2. Cool White:

The color temperature of the light being emitted by it is 4000˚K.

3. Cool Day White:

Light being emitted is close to the light emited by the FTL(fluorescent tube light). The color temperature of the is 6500˚K

3.4 Construction of CFL

The CFL is consists of two parts,

1. A gas filled coated tube(s)

2. Magnetic or electronic ballast.

The gas in the tube glows with ultraviolet light when electricity flows therein through the ballast. This in turns excites the tri-band phosphor coating walls inside of the tube, which emits visible light throughout the surface of the tube.

CFLs are state-of-the-art energy saver lamps, which comes in two versions:

1) Core/ PL/ Non-Retrofit/ Non-Integrated Lamps, and

2) Self-Ballasted/ Electronic/ Retrofit/ Integrated Lamps.

Ø What components are used for making CFL?

For Core Lamp Also known as non-retrofit, non-integrated, PL (Usable in series circuit with ballast)	For Self Ballasted / Electronic Lamp Also known as retrofit, integrated lamps
· Slim glass tube(s) folded in different forms.	= Slim glass tube(s) folded in different forms.
· High quality triband phosphor coating for better lumen maintenance and color rendering.	= High quality triband phosphor coating for better lumen maintenance and color rendering.
· Specially constructed electrodes for longer life.	= Specially constructed electrodes for longer life.
· Fire retardant plastic for capping portions.	= Fire retardant plastic for capping portions with metal cap.
· Built-in Radio Frequency (RF) Suspension Capacitor.	= Built-in Radio Frequency (RF) Suspension Capacitor.
· Built-in starter.	= Built-in HF ballast.

3.5 Sections of CFL making process

1. Cutting of glass tube

According to the requirement of wattage of the lamp, soda glass is cut into pieces by lpg burners. For smoothening the edges of tubes, these are passed through series of burners with increasing intensity.

Use of soda glass is to prevent the harmful UV light from escaping.

2. Bending

First, tube is passed through series of burners with intensity increasing then it is bended. To achieve the required shape, air is pumped into the tube then bending section is pressed. Hence uniform thickness of the walls of bended section is maintained. Then tube is passed through different temperature (annealing temperature) regions first increasing then decreasing in nature. To avoid the cracks, these are not directly allowed to come at room temperature.

3. Washing and Drying

In this section tubes are washed thoroughly with

demineralised water ( D.M. water ). It is alkaline in nature

having ph approx 7.5 and temperature of water is

maintained at 60 ⁰c in order to make the dust particles

soluble in water.

4. Coating

Coating has basically two sections

1. Coating Suspension Preparation (water board):

2. Pouring of solution into tubes

5. Whipping

Whipping is the removal process of coated layer from the ends of the tubes. In whipping, under-glazing (edges are sharp ) can harm the machine ( rubber part ) and due to over-glazing (diameter less than specified ), tube edge could be damaged. To avoid this, sorting at the bending machine should be done carefully.

6. Baking

Baking temperature = 400 ⁰c to 500 ⁰c

Baking is done to increase the life of lamp and it is just cooking of coating with the surfaces of tube walls in order to have proper sticking between suspension and surfaces of walls.

After baking there are few steps like mount making, fusion, exhaust and gas filling and lamp ageing.

Triband phosphor

Tri-band phosphor is the mixture of various fluorescent elements called activators, essential for the development of luminescence. It helps convert short-wave length ultra-violet radiation into light.

Tri-band phosphor is the most superior quality phosphor, capable of emitting red, green and blue wavelengths as against the ‘halophosphor’ with red and blue properties, which is used for ordinary fluorescent lamps (FTLs). Given the small dia tubes of CFL (12.28 mm) in comparison to FTL (38 mm), the use of tri-band phosphor ensures better and uniform light output throughout the life of the CFL. Tri-band phosphor is 10 times more costlier than the halophosphor. The sub-standard spurious CFLs available in the market are largely made of using halophosphor and thus are cheaper in price.

3.6 CFL – The best replacement for GLS lamp

The technology of incandescent lamps is very old and although there hasn’t been any change in shape ,size or efficiency of the lamp ,the GLS the technology is still very popular because it has very low initial cost, is very easy to install & have no circuit loss. But in the long run , it is most expensive lamp both to the consume as well to the nation. This lamp not only requires frequent replacement but also consumes very high power.

CFL are the latest lamps in lighting. Though this lamp is using the same technology as FTL, it is more efficient and has longer life too. CFL was initially introduced more than 30 teas back ,but was not being sold commercially due to prohibitive price. In the last 10 years, CFL has undergone many changes in shapes & size & has become little less expensive .CFL has long life and has low running cost .it is very easy to install. CFL can easily be replaced in GLS bulbs.

Since this lamp uses integrated circuits it has no circuit loss. Compared to GLS lamp ,it is costly initially ,but due to long life (8000 to 10000 burning hours as compared to 1000 to 2000 hours of GLS) and power saving (up to 80 percent as compared to GLS), this lamp pays back and saves more money in the long run.

Since there is an acute gap between demand and supply of power in India , the only solution is to conserve energy and electrical products have to be more energy efficient . lighting in India consumes 18% of overall power whereas in developed countries it is between 10% and 12%. Out of this 18% GLS consumes 65% of lighting power consumption .if GLS is replaced with CFL lamp up to 80% power consumption can be saved .and in India only 10% people are aware of CFL efficacy whereas in Australia 80% people know about it.

The construction of CFL being compact in size and comparable with GLS lamp hence is considered to be the best replacement for GLS lamp. Normal tube lights (FTLs) being longer (4 Ft.) in size and larger in dia (38 mm) are thus not worth comparing with CFL (12.3 mm dia).

CFLs are typically guaranteed for 8,000 hours. (Incandescent bulbs typically last 500 to 2000 hours, depending on exposure to voltage spikes and mechanicalshock).

CFLs use about a quarter the amount of electricity. For example, a 15-watt CFL produces the same amount of light as a 60-watt incandescent bulb (approximately 900 lumens). Let us compare the purchase and operating costs of these two light sources.

Equivalent light output
Incandescent	Compact Fluorescent
40 W	8–9 W
60 W	11–15 W
75 W	18–20 W
100 W	22–25 W

3.7 Precautions suggested for the best

results from CFL

For best use of CFL following suggestions are recommended:

v Do not use in enclosed fittings.

v Do not use in dimming circuits electronic switches.

v Run on stable voltage.

v Fragile-Handle with care.

v Do not expose to water.

v Do not handle from glass.

3.8 Major advantages of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs)

The advantages of CFLs are:

1. Low electricity bills: CFL produces 90% less heat and hence gives morelight per watt. It cuts electricity bill by almost 80% in comparison to traditional incandescent lamp (Popularly known as bulb or GLS lamp), which is considered to be power hungry light source. Whereas CFL is the most energy efficient light source.

2. Higher luminous efficacy: Gives more light output per watt of electricity consumed in comparison to GLS lamp. An 11W CFL produces around 540-580 lumens compared to 710 lumens by a 60W GLS lamp. So it is 49for CFL against 12 of GLS.

Lux, Lumen & Watt:

Lux is lumen per square meter. The amount of light given off is measured in lumens. 1 lumen is approx. equivalent of light given off by 1 candle; it is however, not an indication of brightness. A watt on the other hand is the unit of electricity power.

3. Long Life: CFLs are available in wide range of 300 hours to 12000 hours as compared to GLS lamp’s standard life range of 960 hours to 1200 hours only.

4. Available in different color temperatures: To suit various ambience needs, these are readily, available in Warm White (2700ºK) close to GLS lamp, Cool White (4000ºK) and Cool Day White (6500ºK) similar to tube light.

5. Enhances color rendering: The objects are seen in their true and natural colors under CFL lights. Color rendering Index (CRI) is exceeding 80.

6. Lower installation cost: As most of CFLs are worthy to fit or making it easily fit in the existing installation itself.

7. Lower replacement cost: Longer life reduces the frequency of replacement cost low specially, for installation put up at abnormal heights in the hotels, auditoriums and in developed countries where labor overheadexpenses are in numerous.

8. Less heat dissipation: Unlike the GLS lamps, the CFLs by turning more energy into light than heat helps save on room cooling cost, such as airconditioner, refrigerators etc.

9. Universal burning position: More versatile lamp than many others having this constraint like, metal halide lamp.

10. Enhances aesthetics of installation: Being trendy and compact.

11. Slim and compact design: Makes it suitable for creative luminaries.

12. Wide range to suit all requirements: Available in 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 18, 20, 23, 26W as compared to restricted usable range of 15, 25, 40, 60, 75 and 100W in GLS lamps.

13. Demand side reduction for power: the use of CFLs reduces the energy consumption by 80% and thus helps in better demand side management for power. The calculation shows that the mere replacement of 100 GLS lamp by 20W CFL generates saving approximate 800 KW hrs over CFL lamp’s average life.

14. Most advantageous for DG set operations: As CFL consumes lowest wattage per lamp.

15. Economic storage and distribution cost: Due to their compact size.

16. Environment friendly: Power saved is power generated and helps in preventing a great deal of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide come from the power generating thermal plants otherwise. Ultimately, enhances the quality of human life and the nature around us.

3.9 Locations of Havell’s India Ltd. Product CFL

Locations: Haridwar, Uttaranchal.

Products manufactured: Fans and CFLs

Locations: Baddi, Himachal Pradesh

Products manufactured: MCBs, CFLs and

Switches

Locations: Faridabad, Haryana

Products manufactured: CFLs and

Industrial

Products.

3.10 Range of CFL products Manufactured by

Havell’s India Ltd.

There are two ranges of CFL products available in the market. The company Havell’s manufactures both the ranges. The two ranges of CFL products available in the market are:

1. Non-Retrofit

2. Retrofit

The details of which are as follows: -

Range: Non-Retrofit

Single: U 2pin / 4pin 5,7,9,11W

Double: U 2pin / 4pin 10,13,18,26 W
Warm White: 2700/Cool Day light 6500K

Range: Retrofit (with electronic ballast)

Double: U 11,15,20W
Triple: U 15,20,26W
Four U: 20,26,32 W

Highlights:

Large installed capacity of 2 million CFL per month.

Only plant in India with separate lines for different configurations World class quality.

3.11 Money Saving Chart

vs.

GLS Bulb

Particulars	11W CFL ~ 60W GLS		15W CFL ~ 75 GLS		20W CFL ~ 100W GLS
	CFL	GLS	CFL	GLS	CFL	GLS
Quantity	One	One	One	One	One	One
Watt/ power Consumption per lamp	11	60	15	75	20	100
Power Saving per lamp (W)	49		60		80
Usage Per Day (hours)	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5
Power Cons. kWh per day @4.5 hrs. Usage per day	0.05	0.27	0.07	0.34	0.09	0.45
Power consumption kWh per year (365 days)	18.07	98.55	24.64	123.19	32.85	164.25
Cost of Electricity per power unit (Rs./ kWh)	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00
Total Cost of Electricity/ Power used per year	72.27	394.20	98.55	492.75	131.40	657.00
Money savings per year by using Havell’s CFL (Rs.)	321.93		394.20		525.60
Cost of lamp (Rs.)	130.00	10.00	140.00	10.00	180.00	11.00
CFL cost recovery days v/s GLS Electricity expenses	120		103		100
Avg. life of the lamp- Hrs (under std. cond. Of supply)	8000	1000	8000	1000	8000	1000
Total moneysaving over the Havell’s CFL life (Rs.)	1568.00		1920.00		2560.00